Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) & Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) – Career, Salary & State Licensure
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“To be truly effective as a therapist, it’s essential to cultivate your own self-awareness and emotional intelligence. The tools and techniques you learn are important, but what really makes a difference is your ability to connect with your clients on a human level. This means being present, empathetic, and genuine in your interactions.”
Rachel Marmor, LMHC, Chief Wellness Officer, PAIRS Foundation
According to the National Institute of Mental Health, nearly one out of every five people in the US have a mental illness. Severe mental illnesses that functionally impair everyday life affect 4.5 percent of Americans. Living with these all-too-prevalent mental illnesses comes with numerous challenges, which is why mental health counselors are critical for individual well-being and a more balanced society. Licensed professional counselors have received education and training to help clients overcome or cope with these illnesses and live more regulated lives.
Currently, there are 440,380 mental health counselors in the US—including those in substance abuse and behavior analysis—according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (May BLS 2024). On average, these mental health counselors earned $65,100 per year. They are employed in clinics, hospitals, inpatient centers, government agencies, and businesses. They use various psychotherapy techniques to help clients identify problems, set goals, and develop skills to live a more balanced life.
Mental health counselors have earned at least a master’s degree in counseling and have passed national counseling exams. They have also completed supervised work experience where they provide client care under the guidance of a fully licensed counselor. These years of experience allow counselors to develop the necessary skills to provide thoughtful, targeted, and informed counseling to individuals facing various mental health illnesses.
Becoming a mental health counselor can seem daunting but the steps are straightforward. Continue reading to learn what it takes to become a licensed mental health counselor and discover state licensure requirements.
Q&A with Expert: Rachel Marmor, LMHC
Rachel Marmor is a compassionate and experienced licensed mental health counselor based in South Florida with over 10 years of experience. She is the chief wellness officer and PAIRS Foundation in Hollywood, Florida.
Marmor specializes in supporting clients through anxiety, family conflicts, and depression, using evidence-based approaches tailored to each individual’s unique needs. She is deeply committed to empowering her clients by helping them develop coping skills and emotional resilience, guiding them toward healing, hope, and personal growth.
CounselingSchools.com: How has graduating from a counseling program enhanced your career?
Marmor: Graduating from a counseling program provided me with the formal education needed to ground my work in a solid understanding of human behavior and therapeutic techniques. But more than that, it offered a platform from which I could explore and expand my own ideas about human relationships and healing.
The program gave me the confidence to develop my own approach, which focuses on the therapist’s authentic presence and connection with the client. This connection is crucial because healing happens not just through techniques, but through the deep, human connection that a therapist fosters with their client.
CounselingSchools.com: What is one piece of advice you would give to a prospective counseling student?
Marmor: To be truly effective as a therapist, it’s essential to cultivate your own self-awareness and emotional intelligence. The tools and techniques you learn are important, but what really makes a difference is your ability to connect with your clients on a human level. This means being present, empathetic, and genuine in your interactions.
As a therapist, your most impactful work happens when you create a safe space for your clients to explore their feelings and experiences. This requires a deep understanding of yourself and a commitment to ongoing personal growth, so that you can be fully available and responsive to the needs of your clients.
Q&A with Expert: Kennedy Sanchez, MA, LMHC
Kennedy Sanchez is a licensed mental health counselor and the owner of Solace Cactus, PLLC. She is an integrative, trauma-informed, and attachment-based professional with a relational, person-centered, and collaborative approach.
Sanchez incorporates a range of therapeutic models, including attachment theory, internalized family systems, multicultural, and feminist theories. Her clinical techniques are informed by her EMDRIA basic training in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in 2021, advanced training in Attachment-Focused EMDR (AF-EMDR) by Dr. Laurel Parnell in 2022, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).
CounselingSchools.com: How has graduating from a mental health counseling program enhanced your career?
Sanchez: Graduating from a mental health counseling program has profoundly enhanced my career by providing me with both personal and professional growth. Graduate school gave me the opportunity to learn and grow as a person, impacting not only myself but the relationships in my life. During my counseling program, I connected with materials that challenged me to deepen my connection with myself and explore within. This journey shaped my ability to understand, listen, and empathize with people from diverse backgrounds.
Coming into class to discuss and reflect on our experiences fostered a collaborative environment where I could learn from my peers and share insights, some of whom I still collaborate with to this day. I appreciated the emphasis on self-awareness and growth, which has equipped me with the tools to build stronger relationships in my professional practice and serve my clients more effectively. Overall, this experience has shaped me into a more compassionate and competent counselor.
CounselingSchools.com: What is one piece of advice you would give to a prospective mental health counseling student?
Sanchez: One piece of advice I would give to a prospective mental health counseling student is to “trust the process.” I will never forget when the faculty chair told me this during my graduate interview. In moments of doubt, uncertainty, or fear, turn inwards and remind yourself of these words.
You might be wondering, what is the process? It’s about exploring, expanding, and growing within your own journey. Trust in your own knowing and being that brought you up to this point. This advice has been the most applicable for me. Additionally, I encourage you to take note of the skills and perspectives you learn that resonate with you. Reflecting on these moments will enhance your growth within your professional identity and understanding as you move forward in your career. Lastly, take every ounce of the knowledge in because you are worth it!
How to Become a Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) – Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC)
Education, supervised work experience, and examinations are all essential steps toward a career as a mental health counselor. While official titles and requirements vary by state, here is a general outline of the steps needed to enter this field.
Step 1: Graduate from High School or Obtain a GED (Four Years)
The first step in a career as a mental health counselor is to complete high school or earn a GED. Students can take classes to prepare them to be counselors in psychology, math, English, and social sciences. Also, students can gain work experience through volunteer work or internships. Counseling degree programs can be competitive, so students should strive to take advanced classes and maintain a 3.0 GPA or higher.
Step 2: Complete a Bachelor’s Degree (Four Years)
A bachelor’s degree is a necessary step for a career as a mental health counselor. These four-year programs provide the foundation for further studies. Typical majors for this career include psychology, education, sociology, counseling, social work, or even anthropology. Internships and work experience can also boost students on their graduate school applications.
Step 3: Obtain an Advanced Degree (Two to Eight Years)
All states require mental health counselors to have earned a master’s degree or higher in counseling or a closely related field. Students should ensure that the program they attend is accredited, as most states require it. Attending a program accredited nationally by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) is the easiest way to meet state coursework, internship, and practicum requirements.
The number of credits required varies by state but, at a minimum, students should complete 48 semester-credits, with 60 credits being the most common amount required.
Doctorate programs are also accepted for licensure. Many states reduce the work experience hours required for applicants who have earned a doctorate degree.
Step 4: Apply for Initial State Licensure (Timeline Varies)
Some states require mental health counselors to be licensed while they are completing their required supervised work experience. In those states, graduates must submit transcripts, applications, related fees, recommendations, and background checks to earn an intern, provisional, associate, or similar license.
Step 5: Complete Supervised Practice (Two to Three Years)
All states require mental health counselors to complete supervised work experience. The number of hours varies based on the state, ranging from 1,500 to 4,000.
Requirements also vary based on the degree earned, as many states have lower requirements for those holding doctorates. Most states have requirements about the type of hours earned, specifying a set number of hours in direct client contact and direct supervision. There can even be a required number of individual supervision versus group supervision hours
Step 6: Pass State Licensing Exam (Timeline Varies)
All states require mental health counselors to pass an exam. Some states allow candidates to choose which exam they complete, while others list which one they require. The most common tests are:
- National Counselor Examination (NCE) from the National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC)
- National Clinical Mental Health Counseling Examination (NCMHCE) from the National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC)
- Certified Rehabilitation Counselor (CRC) from the Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification (CRCC)
Jurisprudence exams are required in several states as well. These exams test candidates’ knowledge of the state’s laws and rules regarding mental health counseling.
Step 7: Apply for State Licensure (Timeline Varies)
Once all of the education, testing, and work experience requirements have been met, candidates can apply for licensure as mental health counselors. As requirements vary by state, applicants should familiarize themselves with the process for the state in which they apply.
Online Clinical Mental Health Counseling School Profiles
Browse a complete listing of online clinical mental health counseling programs, ranked by in-state (resident) tuition, from most affordable to least. Out-of-state students should refer to the non-resident tuition numbers.
These numbers reflect the estimated tuition cost of the entire program, calculated by multiplying the published per-credit tuition rate (for the latest academic year) by the total number of credits that must be completed.
Please click on any school of interest for a full-page school profile containing complete program details.
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Licensing & Certification Requirements By State for Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) – Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC)
| State | Licensing Authority | Eligibility & Details | Renewal Requirements |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ohio | Ohio Counselor, Social Worker, and Marriage & Family Therapist Board |
There are three mental health counselor licenses issued in Ohio:
A CT license is awarded to students who are completing a practicum or internship. To apply for this license, a candidate must:
To earn an LPC license, candidates must:
To earn an LPCC license, candidates must meet LPC requirements in addition to:
| Ohio requires LPCs and LPCCs to renew their licenses every two years. The requirements to renew include:
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What Does a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) Do?
Mental health counselors are employed at private clinics, hospitals, inpatient clinics, hospice centers, schools, government agencies, the military, and even businesses. While work responsibilities may vary based on place of employment and title, typical duties include:
- Meeting with clients to assess mental health issues
- Determining the client’s goals for treatment
- Identifying problems or behaviors that are impeding a client’s goals
- Assisting with strategies to overcome identified problems
- Diagnosing mental illnesses
- Collaborating with other healthcare providers for holistic client care
- Providing education to clients and their families on how to manage mental health disorders
- Conducting group therapy sessions
- Maintaining client records
- Completing insurance billings
How Much Do Mental Health Counselors (LMHCs) or Licensed Professional Counselors (LPCs) Make?
According to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS May 2024), the 440,380 mental health counselors (including those in substance abuse and behavioral disorders) earned $65,100 per year on average. Earnings vary based on education, industry, state of employment, and job duties. The percentiles for wages are:
- 10th percentile: $39,090
- 25th percentile: $47,170
- 50th percentile (median): $59,190
- 75th percentile: $76,230
- 90th percentile: $98,210
Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) and Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) Professional Associations & Resources
- American Counseling Association (ACA)
- Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP)
- Association for Multicultural Counseling and Development (AMCD)
- American Mental Health Counselors Association (AMHCA)
- National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC)
- Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification (CRCC)
Kimmy Gustafson
WriterAt CounselingSchools.com, Kimmy Gustafson’s expertly crafted articles delve into the world of counseling and mental health, providing valuable insights and guidance to readers since 2020. In addition to feature pieces and interviews, she keeps the state licensing tables current. Kimmy has been a freelance writer for more than a decade, writing hundreds of articles on a wide variety of topics such as startups, nonprofits, healthcare, kiteboarding, the outdoors, and higher education. She is passionate about seeing the world and has traveled to over 27 countries. She holds a bachelor’s degree in journalism from the University of Oregon. When not working, she can be found outdoors, parenting, kiteboarding, or cooking.